March's Flower of the Month
Leatherleaf Mahonia
(Mahonia bealei)
This evergreen shrub has tough, leathery, compound leaves bearing nine to thirteen coarsely-spined leaflets which are borne in horizontal tiers up each unbranched stalk. Dense, three- to six-inch-long spikes of slightly fragrant yellow flowers begin blooming in January. They arise from the top of the plant and are held at a perfect height for viewing up close. Pendulous masses of bluish-purple fruits about the size of small grapes follow the flowers. In fall the plants take on a reddish color, and occasionally a solid red leaf will appear. Fruit is relished by birds, squirrels, and other wildlife.
Culture Leatherleaf mahonia blooms best if a few hours of morning sun can be managed, but it cannot tolerate full sun. Moist but well-drained, slightly acidic soil is preferred. Fertilize with a light sprinkling of complete fertilizer in late winter.
Sometimes old stems may grow six or more feet tall and become leggy and top heavy. The appearance can be improved by removing about one-third of the tallest canes at ground level. New stems will grow from the base.
Comments Leatherleaf mahonia is one of more than 70 species, and probably an equal number of hybrids and cultivars of mahonia exist worldwide. Creeping mahonia (M. repens) and Oregon grapeholly (M. aquifolium) are native to the Pacific Northwest. Chinese mahonia (M. fortunei) is frequently grown and lacks the sharp stiff leaf spines of other species. Chinese hollygrape (M. lomariifolia) has long, narrow, prickly leaves.
Leatherleaf mahonia is invasive in parts of the Southeast. Check with authorities in your area before including this plant in your garden.
At a Glance
Say: ma-HO-nee-uh-uh BEEL-lee-eye
Hardiness: USDA Zones 6B-9A
Salt tolerance: Moderate
Family: Berberidaceae (Barberry)
Size: 4-6 ft. tall/3-4 ft. wide
Other common name: Beale’s barberry, Beale’s mahonia
Origin: China
Relatives: Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry); Nandina domestica (heavenly bamboo)
Propagation: Seeds; cuttings